Primary Sources:

 

Blackwell, Susanna B., Outi M. Tervo, Alexander S. Conrad, Mikkel HS Sinding, Rikke G. Hansen, Susanne Ditlevsen, and Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen. "Spatial and temporal patterns of sound production in East Greenland narwhals." PloS one13, no. 6 (2018): e0198295.

 

Breed, Greg A., Cory JD Matthews, Marianne Marcoux, Jeff W. Higdon, Bernard LeBlanc, Stephen D. Petersen, Jack Orr, Natalie R. Reinhart, and Steven H. Ferguson. "Sustained disruption of narwhal habitat use and behavior in the presence of Arctic killer whales." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 10 (2017): 2628-2633.

Chambault, P., O. M. Tervo, E. Garde, R. G. Hansen, S. B. Blackwell, T. M. Williams, R. Dietz et al. "The impact of rising sea temperatures on an Arctic top predator, the narwhal." Scientific reports 10, no. 1 (2020): 1-10.

​​

 Charry, Bertrand, Marianne Marcoux, and Murray M. Humphries. "Aerial photographic identification of narwhal (Monodon monoceros) newborns and their spatial proximity to the nearest adult female." Arctic Science 4, no. 4 (2018): 513-524.

 

Dietz, Rune, Ari D. Shapiro, Mehdi Bakhtiari, Jack Orr, Peter L. Tyack, Pierre Richard, Ida Grønborg Eskesen, and Greg Marshall. "Upside-down swimming behaviour of free-ranging narwhals." BMC ecology 7, no. 1 (2007): 1-10.

 

Fahlman, Andreas, Michael J. Moore, and Randall S. Wells. "How Do Marine Mammals Manage and Usually Avoid Gas Emboli Formation and Gas Embolic Pathology? Critical Clues From Studies of Wild Dolphins." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (2021): 25.

 

Garde, Eva, Steen H. Hansen, Susanne Ditlevsen, Ketil Biering Tvermosegaard, Johan Hansen, Karin C. Harding, and Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen. "Life history parameters of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) from Greenland." Journal of mammalogy 96, no. 4 (2015): 866-879.

Hay, Keith Alexander. The life history of the narwhal (Monodon monoceros L.) in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Montreal, Canada: McGill University, 1984.

 

Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, Rikke Guldborg Hansen, Kristin Westdal, Randall R. Reeves, and Anders Mosbech. "Narwhals and seismic exploration: is seismic noise increasing the risk of ice entrapments?." Biological conservation 158 (2013): 50-54.

 

Heide‐Jørgensen, Mads Peter, Susanna B. Blackwell, Terrie M. Williams, Mikkel Holger S. Sinding, Mikkel Skovrind, Outi M. Tervo, Eva Garde et al. "Some like it cold: Temperature‐dependent habitat selection by narwhals." Ecology and evolution 10, no. 15 (2020): 8073-8090.

 

Joyce, Trevor W., John W. Durban, Diane E. Claridge, Charlotte A. Dunn, Holly Fearnbach, Kim M. Parsons, Russel D. Andrews, and Lisa T. Ballance. "Physiological, morphological, and ecological tradeoffs influence vertical habitat use of deep-diving toothed-whales in the Bahamas." PLoS One 12, no. 10 (2017): e0185113.
 

Laidre, Kristin L. "Space use patterns of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in the high Arctic." PhD diss., University of Washington, 2003.

 

Laidre, K. L., M. P. Heide-Jørgensen, Ole A. Jørgensen, and M. A. Treble. "Deep-ocean predation by a high Arctic cetacean." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 3 (2004): 430-440.

 

Mirceta, Scott, Anthony V. Signore, Jennifer M. Burns, Andrew R. Cossins, Kevin L. Campbell, and Michael Berenbrink. "Evolution of mammalian diving capacity traced by myoglobin net surface charge." Science 340, no. 6138 (2013).

 

Nweeia, Martin T., Frederick C. Eichmiller, Peter V. Hauschka, Gretchen A. Donahue, Jack R. Orr, Steven H. Ferguson, Cortney A. Watt et al. "Sensory ability in the narwhal tooth organ system." The anatomical record 297, no. 4 (2014): 599-617.

Tervo, Outi M., Susanne Ditlevsen, Manh C. Ngô, Nynne H. Nielsen, Susanna B. Blackwell, Terrie M. Williams, and Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen. "Hunting by the stroke: How foraging drives diving behavior and locomotion of East-Greenland narwhals (Monodon monoceros)." Frontiers in Marine Science7 (2021): 1244.

 

Watt, C. A., M. P. Heide-Jørgensen, and S. H. Ferguson. "How adaptable are narwhal? A comparison of foraging patterns among the world's three narwhal populations." Ecosphere 4, no. 6 (2013): 1-15.

Williams, Terrie M., Shawn R. Noren, and Mike Glenn. "Extreme physiological adaptations as predictors of climate‐change sensitivity in the narwhal, Monodon monoceros." Marine Mammal Science 27, no. 2 (2011): 334-349.

 

Williams, Terrie M., Susanna B. Blackwell, Beau Richter, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, and Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen. "Paradoxical escape responses by narwhals (Monodon monoceros)." Science 358, no. 6368 (2017): 1328-1331.